What is 5G?

5G is the fifth generation of mobile networks which will be a significant evolution from today’s 4G LTE networks.

5G is being designed to meet the very large growth in data and connectivity of today’s modern society, the internet of things with billions of connected devices and tomorrow’s innovations. 

How does 5G work? 

Like prior generations of telecommunications, 5G uses radio waves or radio frequency (RF) energy to transmit and receive voice and data connecting our communities. 5G will use different frequencies designed to allow greater capacity compared to current mobile technologies. 

5G will first work in combination with existing 4G networks. Base stations will be upgraded and many smaller antennas will supplement the existing network and provide more capacity. The transition for consumers will be seamless. Future devices will be 5G capable and will then connect to 5G networks whenever available, using 4G networks in between. 

More capacity and faster reaction times – what for? 

5G technology provides additional capacity, faster connections and a very fast response time of as little as 1 millisecond. To put that into context, 4G already provides response times of 30 milliseconds while the human mind perceives everything under 100 milliseconds as instantaneous (1).

These technological advances open the door for ever more refined services: real time information in traffic, remote monitoring of patients, super accurate location services for emergency services and navigation, autonomously driving vehicles, smart homes and cities. 

When will we be able to use 5G? 

5G networks are currently being trialed in many pilot projects around the world, with commercial launches expected in 2020 and widespread availability of 5G expected around 2025. 

More information and details about 5G

If you are interested in more information about 5G or how it will work have a look at the brochure “5G and EMF Explained”. 

(picture of the EMF Explained 5G brochure) 

EMF Explained Series

The EMF Explained Series provides information on mobile technology and Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) referencing international health authorities, government, academia and the telecommunications industry.

The EMF Explained Series has been developed by the Australian Mobile Telecommunications Association (AMTA) in association with the GSMA and Mobile and Wireless Forum (MWF).

The 5G and EMF Explained brochure can be downloaded here:

http://www.mwfai.org/docs/eng/2018%5F05%5FMWF%5F5G%2DEMF%20Explained%20final%2Epdf 

(1) How fast is real  time? Human perception and technology. https://www.pubnub.com/blog/how-fast-is-realtime-human-perception-and-technology

MWF 5G Workshop at BioEM 2018: state of the art research and standardization

The first 5G Workshop organised by the Mobile & Wireless Forum (MWF) back in 2016 posed a number of questions related to exposures and compliance assessments above 6GHz. One of the aims of the BioEM 2018 Pre-Conference Workshop: EMF Exposure from 5G equipment – the state of art research and standardization therefore was to follow-up those questions in light of the research work that has been carried out over the intervening period.

The program for the 2018 Workshop was structured to begin with an overview of EMF exposure standards, discuss skin physiology, thermal responses of the skin and ocular studies moving onto discussions related to averaging times, and absorption mechanisms and finally specific challenges related to compliance standards and compliance assessments of devices and networks.

The agenda included the following presentations which can be accessed online:

• Mike Wood - Chairman IEC TC106 and Telstra Corporation, Melbourne, Australia: IEC 5G EMF Compliance Standards Development & EMF Exposure Assessment of Telstra’s 5G Trial Network
• Prof. Akimasa Hirata, Nagoya Institute of Technology; Nagawa, Japan: EMF Exposure Limits above 6 GHz
• Dr Chung-Kwang Chou, IEEE/ICES TC95 Chairman and C-K. Chou Consulting Dublin, CA, USA: EMF Exposure of the Skin at mmW Frequencies
• Prof. Masami Kojima, Kanazawa Medical University Uchinada, Japan and Prof. Yukihisa Suzuki, Tokyo Metropolitan University: Ocular Studies of EMF Exposure at mmW Frequencies & Numerical dosimetry and mathematical model to estimate cornea damage
• Prof. Kenneth R. Foster, University of Pennsylvania; PA, USA: On the Averaging Time of Human Exposure at Frequencies above 6 GHz
• Dr Andreas Christ, Research Consultant, Cabo Frio (RJ), Brazil: EMF Energy Absorption Mechanisms in the mmW Frequency Range
• Davide Colombi, Ericsson Research, Stockholm, Sweden: Challenges in Standardization related to EMF Compliance above 6 GHz
• Dr Niels Kuster, Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society (IT’IS), Zurich, Switzerland: EMF Compliance Assessments of 5G Devices
• Dr Walid El Hajj, Intel Corporation, Nice, France: EMF Compliance Assessment based on a Mixed Approach of Measurements and Numerical Simulations
• Dr Kun Li National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Tokyo, Japan: Human-skin Temperature Elevation by EMF Exposure at MMW and THz Frequencies 
• Prof. Yoshikazu Ugawa, Director, Department of Neuro-regeneration and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan: Thermal Sensation Threshold of Millimeter Waves in Japanese People

The MWF sponsored this Workshop to promote an understanding of the research and standards for 5G and as such the presentations from, and the views expressed by, authors do not necessarily represent the views of the MWF. Some of the research projects presented here were sponsored by the MWF and GSMA and again, the views are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of either the MWF or the GSMA.

e-Labelling: Moving compliance into the digital age

Wireless communication devices such as mobile phones and tablets, like many other electronic products need to comply with a large range of European regulations before they can be put on the market and require a number of markings to show compliance. The traditional requirements for compliance reporting and physical labels affixed to the device cost an enormous amount of money: EU companies in the computing, multimedia & telephony sectors pay €3.9 billion for compliance every year, with compliance information consuming up to 20% of that sum.

These are the findings of a study by economic and policy consultancy firm Valdani Vicari & Associati (VVA) who carried out a cost-benefits analysis of introducing an e-labelling scheme in Europe. e-Labels are an alternative form of providing compliance information, either electronically through embedding it in the software of devices with a built-in screen (or that can be connected to a screen) or through machine readable-codes, such as QR codes, for other products. e-labels offer greater security, accessibility and longevity of the compliance information (remaining in the device as opposed to a paper report that is stored far away from the device in use) while also streamlining and simplifying the delivery of the required information.

VVA’s study showed that the introduction of e-labelling would reduce the overall cost of indicating compliance by 15% for companies active in the EU, that three out of four companies questioned would opt for e-labelling if it was allowed and that they see a possible positive impact on innovation as well as a reduced environmental footprint of products.

To date, at least 13 countries in the world, representing 56% of the global economy and 50% of the world population, already allow the indication of regulatory compliance through an electronic label. In a second study, VVA analysed the introduction of e-labelling in three highly digital aware markets: Australia, Singapore and the US.

Their conclusions were:

• the introduction of e-labelling helps to respond to technological developments
• it already covers most electronic products in these countries without any adverse impact on market surveillance authorities, customs agencies or consumers. 
• it reduces environmental impacts by lowering waste and preventing the need for printing the physical mark on the product, and 
• e-labelling improves traceability and transparency, as compliance information is more easily available and remains within the product.

So, an easy step towards reducing operational costs, environmental impact, administrative hurdles and furthering innovation? Overall yes, but changing established procedures is never that easy. In this case, it will need the agreement of 28 market surveillance authorities to revise their routine of controlling the compliance of electronic devices and upgrade their internal proceedings to match technological developments, which in and of itself might be a worthwhile exercise.

Both studies were presented in June at an event hosted by MEP Anneleen van Bossuyt in the European Parliament.


Links:

Cost-Benefits analysis on the introduction of an e-labelling scheme in Europe: https://tinyurl.com/y7w6uphu

Research into e-labelling schemes outside the EU: https://tinyurl.com/yckqex38

US National Toxicology Program (NTP) publishes 2 year cell phone study

The National Toxicology Program (NTP) has published the draft results of a 2- year study investigating the effects of high exposure to radiofrequency energy in rodents. The results will be subject to a three-day scientific review meeting in March 2018, after which the final reports on the studies will be completed and released.

The MWF Viewpoint’s on the study is available from:
http://emfhealth.info/docs/eng/MWFViewpoint%2DNTPStudy2018%2Epdf

The Mobile & Wireless Forum - 20 years of research and standards development

1998. Market penetration for mobile phones in the UK was 25%. 2G was the standard and in Finland, the first downloadable content - a ring tone - was sold to mobile phones.

In that year, the major players in the sector also decided that they would need an industry body to coordinate their RF research efforts and that could present a common voice for the mobiles sector: the Mobile Manufacturers Forum (MMF) was born.

The MMF took on questions related to

• research on the 
biological impact of electromagnetic fields ('EMF')
• the development of technical standards and methodologies for product compliance
• the promotion and development of accessibility within wireless devices and services
• the integrity of wireless devices when operating on networks

20 years and a slight name change later, the Mobile & Wireless Forum (MWF) is active in almost 60 countries around the world and has become a respected stakeholder for governments, regulatory authorities, standardisation organisations, civil society organisations and other industry bodies.

Some of the main achievements include:

• supported an extensive and global research program on behalf of members
• promoted the advancement of scientific knowledge and the open discussion of issues through sponsorship of workshops, conferences, collaborative research projects and visits.
• initiated several inter-laboratory comparison projects to promote consistency and new methodologies for compliance testing
• created an industry-wide SAR Reporting program with information for consumers on the specific absorption rate (SAR) of mobile phones
• promoted the widespread adoption of harmonised science-based RF exposure standards 
• developed more than 50 brochures, booklets and other information resources many of which were co-branded with other national associations, technology specific associations, government agencies, consumer organisations and network operators
• continuous engagement around the world with regulatory bodies on technical questions and issues;
• production of thoughtful and research-based submissions to government on issues impacting on members
• promoted awareness of the threats posed by counterfeit devices and accessories and engaged with governments on the implementation of national responses.
• developed the Global Accessibility Reporting Initiative (GARI) program and database involving information on the accessibility features of more than 1,100 mobile phones, tablets, apps, Smart TVs and Wearables

To celebrate the 20th anniversary, the MWF is preparing a new publication that will provide a concise and informative overview of its various research efforts relevant to wireless communication, including our work of new compliance methodologies for future 5G devices.

We will also have workshops on a number of topics, including 5G, tackling counterfeits and accessibility. Follow the @MWFupdates Twitter account and the mwfai.org website for announcements and updates.

Wi-Fi in Schools

According to a recent study of Wi-Fi exposure levels in 23 Australian schools, the average exposure in the classroom was 500,000 times below the international limits. This dropped to an average 100,000,000 (yes, 100 Million) times below the limits in the school yard.

These levels are actually not unique. Comparable results have been found in other studies in New Zealand, Canada, the UK and the US. While the resulting numbers vary in the different studies, they were all well below the relevant limits.

In addition, the advice from leading health and safety agencies around the world has been very clear, take Public Health England for example:

“On the basis of the published studies and those carried out in-house, PHE sees no reason why wi-fi should not continue to be used in schools and in other places. However with any new technology a sensible precautionary approach, as happened with mobile phones, is to keep the situation under review so that parents and others can have as much reassurance as possible.

As part of this approach, the Health Protection Agency (now PHE) carried out a systematic programme of research into wireless networks and their use in schools, including measurements of exposures from networks. The project has now been completed and its results support PHE’s view that exposures from wi-fi are small in relation to the ICNIRP guidelines and in relation to exposures from mobile phones.”

And likewise, Australia’s ARPANSA, who conducted the study in Australian schools, says:

ARPANSA’s current advice is that there is no established scientific evidence that the low exposure to RF EME from Wi-fi adversely affects the health of children or the general population.


So for those parents who are concerned about whether there are any health risks arising from the use of Wi-Fi equipment, the results from the studies carried out as well as the advice of the various health agencies should certainly provide some reassurance.


More information:

• Wireless Devices and Children: http://emfhealth.info//docs/eng/MMF%5FVIEWPOINT%5FANSES%5FChildren%2Epdf
• Wi-Fi in Schools: http://www.mwfai.org/docs/eng/MWF%2DViewpoint%2DWiFi%2Din%2DSchools%2Epdf 
• Wi-Fi and Health/Safety: http://emfhealth.info//docs/eng/Wi%2DFi%5Fand%5FHealth%5FBrochure%5F2015%2Epdf 

EMF Standardisation, Compliance & Certification - practical issues in moving from R&TTED to RED

The new Radio Equipment Directive (RED, 2014/53/EU) has entered into force and from 13 June 2017 onwards new products placed on the European market have to comply with the requirements of the new Directive. However, some of the necessary standards are still not finalised and open questions remain on the practical implementation of the RED with new concepts such as “reasonably foreseeable conditions of use” expanding the use cases beyond what the manufacturer intends for the product.

For these reasons, the Mobile & Wireless Forum (MWF) organised a recent workshop in Vienna, bringing together representatives of the European Commission, the European standardisation bodies and industry to share their expertise, give updates on the latest status and advice on how to deal with the practical implications for manufacturers. The speakers included Phil Chadwick, Chair of the CENELEC TC106X; Joe Wiart, Chair of Working Group 1 in TC 106X; Matthias Meier, Secretary of TC 106X; Michael Sharpe, Director of Technical Strategy at ETSI; and Pier Francesco Sammartino, Desk Officer of the RED in the European Commission. 

ETSI and CENELEC are the two European standardisation bodies responsible for the preparation of Harmonised Standards under the Radio Equipment Directive (RED). These Harmonised Standards enable providers of equipment and services to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of the Directive, and thus be able to sell, deploy and operate them within the European Union. ETSI has released a number of standards for the RED which are currently in the process of being voted upon. However, they can only be officially used by manufacturers for demonstrating compliance once they are published in the Official Journal of the European Union.  

CENELEC’s Technical Committee (TC) 106X committee is responsible for writing the Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) standards for products under the RED and the Low Voltage Directive (LVD) and is in the process of rewriting the EMF standards from the R&TTED to fit under the RED.  While great progress is being made in the standards bodies, there will still be a delay between their approval as standards and their official recognition as harmonised standards under the RED. 

The workshop therefore provided a great opportunity for those attending to learn more about the status of each of the standards, the implications and alternatives for dealing with the delays and how to best manage compliance processes during this period. 

http://www.mwfai.org/docs/eng/2017%5F03%5FMWF%5FEMF%5Fcompliance%5Fworkshop%5Finvitation%5Fupdated%2Epdf